RESEARCH PAPER
Prevalence and associated factors of insulin resistance among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy:
a cross-sectional study from Tunisia
1
University of Monastir, Tunisia
2
Department of Infectious Disease, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
3
Department of Endocrinology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
4
Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
Submission date: 2022-01-25
Final revision date: 2022-05-08
Acceptance date: 2022-06-08
Publication date: 2025-09-07
Corresponding author
Ikbel Kooli
University of Monastir, Service de Maladies Infectieuses CHU Fattouma Bour, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
University of Monastir, Service de Maladies Infectieuses CHU Fattouma Bour, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
HIV & AIDS Review 2025;24(3):195-200
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by reducing both morbidity and mortality rates. However, this therapy leads to an increased incidence of metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IR in non-diabetic HIV-infected patients receiving ART, and to investigate the potentially associated factors.
Material and methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 67 non-diabetic HIV-infected patients receiving ART. IR was determined through homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between demographic, clinical, and biological variables, and IR.
Results:
A total of 67 HIV-infected patients were enrolled, among whom 43 (64.2%) were males, and the median age was 38.7 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 28.3%, and IR was found in 30 patients (44.7%). Seventeen of these patients had not a metabolic syndrome. HOMA-IR values were ranging between 2 and 3.99 in 11 patients (64.7%), between 4 and 6 in 5 patients (29.4%), and was greater than 6 in one patient. In the multivariate analysis, there was no significant association between body mass index, CD4+ count, ART regimen, and IR.
Conclusions:
Asymptomatic IR, responsible in the long-term for the occurrence of other serious metabolic disorders, is common among HIV-infected patients, and cannot be predictable. Screening of insulin resistance by measuring HOMA-IR is the main parameter for early detection of metabolic risk and personalized management.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by reducing both morbidity and mortality rates. However, this therapy leads to an increased incidence of metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IR in non-diabetic HIV-infected patients receiving ART, and to investigate the potentially associated factors.
Material and methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 67 non-diabetic HIV-infected patients receiving ART. IR was determined through homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between demographic, clinical, and biological variables, and IR.
Results:
A total of 67 HIV-infected patients were enrolled, among whom 43 (64.2%) were males, and the median age was 38.7 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 28.3%, and IR was found in 30 patients (44.7%). Seventeen of these patients had not a metabolic syndrome. HOMA-IR values were ranging between 2 and 3.99 in 11 patients (64.7%), between 4 and 6 in 5 patients (29.4%), and was greater than 6 in one patient. In the multivariate analysis, there was no significant association between body mass index, CD4+ count, ART regimen, and IR.
Conclusions:
Asymptomatic IR, responsible in the long-term for the occurrence of other serious metabolic disorders, is common among HIV-infected patients, and cannot be predictable. Screening of insulin resistance by measuring HOMA-IR is the main parameter for early detection of metabolic risk and personalized management.
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