RESEARCH PAPER
Mediating role of resilience in a relationship between social support and CD4 count of patients living with HIV in Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran
 
More details
Hide details
1
Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
 
2
PhD Student in Demography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
 
3
Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
 
4
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
 
 
Submission date: 2022-03-15
 
 
Final revision date: 2022-04-04
 
 
Acceptance date: 2022-04-04
 
 
Online publication date: 2024-05-18
 
 
Corresponding author
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi   

Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
 
 
HIV & AIDS Review 2024;23(2):178
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infectious virus that can have devastating effects on physical and mental conditions of patients. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social support and CD4 count of patients living with HIV in Beha­vioral Diseases Counseling Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Material and methods:
The present research was a descriptive-analytical study, and included 200 HIV-positive patients from Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital using available sampling method. Participants responded to social support and resilience scale, and CD4 count was extracted from their files. Structural equation modeling and PLS modeling were applied to analyze data.

Results:
The results showed that social support confirmed 47% of the variance of resilience. Furthermore, social support variables predicted 47.1% of CD4 count changes by calculating this dependent variable, and the rest of explanation related to other factors.

Conclusions:
Based on this study findings, it can be concluded that the structure of resilience can strengthen the effect of social support on CD4 of HIV-positive patients in Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, as a mediating variable.

REFERENCES (44)
1.
Chesney M, Folkman S, Chambers D. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Preliminary findings. Int J STD AIDS 1996; 7 (2 Suppl): 75-82.
 
2.
Adler N, Matthews K. Health psychology: why do some people get sick and some stay well? Ann Rev Psychol 1994; 45: 229-259.
 
3.
Mehraeen E, Safdari R, Mohammadzadeh N, Seyedalinaghi S, Forootan S, Mohraz M, editors. Mobile-based applications and functionalities for self-management of people living ith HIV. Health Informatics Meets EHealth: Biomedical Meets EHealth–From Sensors to Decisions Proceedings of the 12th EHealth Conference; 2018: IOS Press.
 
4.
Alinaghi SAS, Vaghari B, Roham M, Badie BM, Jam S, Foroughi M, et al. Respiratory complications in Iranian hospitalized patients with HIV/AIDS. Tanaffos 2011; 10: 49.
 
5.
Ogden J. Health Psychology. 6th ed. McGraw Hill; 2019.
 
6.
Niakan S, Mehraeen E, Noori T, Gozali E. Web and mobile based HIV prevention and intervention programs pros and cons – a review. Studies in Health Technology and Informmatics 2017; 236: 319-327.
 
7.
Beaton DB. Effects of stress and psychological disorders on the immune system. Rochester Institute of Technology Working Paper Rochester, Rochester Institute of Technology; 2003.
 
8.
Clerici M, Stocks N, Zajac R, Boswell R, Lucey D, Via C, et al. Detection of three distinct patterns of T helper cell dysfunction in asymptomatic, HIV-seropositive patients: indipendence of CD4+ cell numbers and clinical staging. J Clin Invest 1989; 84: 1892-1899.
 
9.
Rinaldo C, Huang X-L, Piazza P, Armstrong J, Rappocciolo G, Pazin G, et al. Augmentation of cellular immune function during the early phase of zidovudine treatment of AIDS patients. J Infect Dis 1991; 164: 638-645.
 
10.
Biswas AK. Impacts of large dams: issues, opportunities and constraints. In: Impacts of Large Dams: a Global Assessment: Springer; 2012, p. 1-18.
 
11.
Hays RB, Turner H, Coates TJ. Social support, AIDS-related symptoms, and depression among gay men. J Consult Clin Psychol 1992; 60: 463-469.
 
12.
Alinaghi SAS, Rasoolinejad M, Najafi Z, Dadras O, Malekianzadeh E, Mirzazadeh A. Drug resistance patterns in HIV patients with virologic failure in Iran. Arch Clin Infect Dis 2019; 14: e96531. DOI: 10.5812/archcid.96531.
 
13.
Alemu H, Haile Mariam D, Tsui A, Ahmed S, Shewamare A. Effect of depressive symptoms and social support on weight and CD4 count increase at HIV clinic in Ethiopia. AIDS Care 2012; 24: 866-876.
 
14.
Khan H. Effect of resilience and social support on immune-activation in HIV positive people. Int J Indian Psychol 2015; 2: 122-129.
 
15.
Pascoe EA, Smart Richman L. Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull 2009; 135: 531-554.
 
16.
Pandey D, Shrivastava P. Mediation effect of social support on the association between hardiness and immune response. Asian J Psychiatry 2017; 26: 52-55.
 
17.
Bogossian FE. Social support: proposing a conceptual model for application to midwifery practice. Women Birth 2007; 20: 169-173.
 
18.
Murphy DA, Marelich WD, Stritto MD, Swendeman D, Witkin A. Mothers living with HIV/AIDS: mental, physical, and family functioning. AIDS Care 2002; 14: 633-644.
 
19.
Grierson J, Pitts M, Whyte M, Misson S, Hughes A, Saxton P, et al. Living with HIV in New Zealand: balancing health and quality of life. N Z Med J 2004; 117: U1017.
 
20.
Maree DJ, Maree M (eds.). Assessment of hope – the process of constructing a gender-sensitive scale for hope within a South African context. Conference "Hope probing the boundaries". Prague, Czech Republic 2005.
 
21.
Britton P, Zarski J, Hobfoll SE. Psychological distress and the role of significant others in a population of gay/bisexual men in the era of HIV. AIDS Care 1993; 5: 43-54.
 
22.
Ullrich PM, Lutgendorf SK, Stapleton JT. Concealment of homosexual identity, social support and CD4 cell count among HIV-seropositive gay men. J Psychosomat Res 2003; 54: 205-212.
 
23.
Murphy PJ, Hevey D. The relationship between internalised HIV-related stigma and posttraumatic growth. AIDS Behav 2013; 17: 1809-1818.
 
24.
Zautra AJ, Hall JS, Murray KE. Resilience: a new definition of health for people and communities. In: Reich JW, Zautra AJ, Hall JS (eds.). Handbook of Adult Resilience. The Guilford Press; 2010, p. 3-29.
 
25.
Lazarus RS. From psychological stress to the emotions: a history of changing outlooks. Ann Rev Psychol 1993; 44: 1-22.
 
26.
Earnshaw VA, Bogart LM, Dovidio JF, Williams DR. Stigma and racial/ethnic HIV disparities: moving toward resilience. Am Psychol 2013; 68: 225-236.
 
27.
Tomaka J, Blascovich J, Kibler J, Ernst JM. Cognitive and physiological antecedents of threat and challenge appraisal. J Pers Soc Psychol 1997; 73: 63-72.
 
28.
Farber EW, Mirsalimi H, Williams KA, McDaniel JS. Meaning of illness and psychological adjustment to HIV/AIDS. Psychosomatics 2003; 44: 485-491.
 
29.
Dale S, Cohen M, Weber K, Cruise R, Kelso G, Brody L. Abuse and resilience in relation to HAART medication adherence and HIV viral load among women with HIV in the United States. AIDS Patient Care STDs 2014; 28: 136-143.
 
30.
Mo PKH, Lau JTF, Yu X, Gu J. The role of social support on resilience, posttraumatic growth, hopelessness, and depression among children of HIV-infected parents in mainland China. AIDS Care 2014; 26: 1526-1533.
 
31.
Rzeszutek M, Oniszczenko W, Firląg-Burkacka E. Social support, stress coping strategies, resilience and posttraumatic growth in a Polish sample of HIV-infected individuals: results of a 1 year longitudinal study. J Behav Med 2017; 40: 942-954.
 
32.
Tabachnik B, Fidell S (eds.). Multivariate normality. In: Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson; 2007.
 
33.
Zanini DS, Peixoto EM. Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS): analysis of the psychometric properties via item response theory. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 2016; 26: 359-368.
 
34.
Mohammadzadeh J, Sayehmiri K. Standardization of social support scale (MOS) of adults who have chronic diseases in Ilam, 2015. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences 2016; 23: 69-77.
 
35.
Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety 2003; 18: 76-82.
 
36.
Keyhani M, Taghvaei D, Rajabi A, Amirpour B. Internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) among nursing female. Iranian J Med Educ 2015; 14: 857-865.
 
37.
Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research 1981; 18: 39-50.
 
38.
Schultz DP, Schultz SE. Theories of Personality. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2016.
 
39.
Fatima S, Jibeen T. Interplay of self-efficacy and social support in predicting quality of life in cardiovascular patients in Pakistan. Community Ment Health J 2019; 55: 855-864.
 
40.
Ickovics JR, Milan S, Boland R, Schoenbaum E, Schuman P, Vlahov D, et al. Psychological resources protect health: 5-year survival and immune function among HIV-infected women from four US cities. AIDS 2006; 20: 1851-1860.
 
41.
Maier SF, Watkins LR, Fleshner M. Psychoneuroimmunology: the interface between behavior, brain, and immunity. Am Psychol 1994; 49: 1004-1017.
 
42.
Kalat JW. Introduction to Psychology. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2016.
 
43.
Furniss D, Barber N, Lyons I, Eliasson L, Blandford A. Unintentional non-adherence: can a spoon full of resilience help the medicine go down? BMJ Quality Safety 2014; 23: 95-98.
 
44.
SeyedAlinaghi S, Asadollahi-Amin A, Boosiraz A, Mirzaei P, Rahimi R, Taj L, et al. Prevalence of Personality disorders in patients with HIV infection referred to voluntary counseling and testing center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Journal of Iranian Medical Council 2020; 3: 148-153.
 
eISSN:1732-2707
ISSN:1730-1270
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top