RESEARCH PAPER
Factors affecting hematological abnormality in HIV-infected patients at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar, Indonesia
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
2
Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia
3
Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Submission date: 2022-05-17
Final revision date: 2022-11-18
Acceptance date: 2022-11-18
Online publication date: 2024-09-20
Corresponding author
I. Nyoman Yogi Wiraguna
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, e-mail: Inyomanyogi_wiraguna@yahoo.co.id
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, e-mail: Inyomanyogi_wiraguna@yahoo.co.id
HIV & AIDS Review 2024;23(3):217-225
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by a progressive damage of immune system, resulting in a number of opportunistic infections and hematological abnormalities, and become more severe in late stages. Hematological abnormalities are common manifestations, with factors including CD4+ count, opportunistic infection, and HIV viral load. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between CD4+ count, opportunistic infection, and HIV viral load with hematological abnormality in HIV patients.
Material and methods:
An observational study was conducted at tertiary institution, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, from November 2021 to February 2022. Secondary data from medical records of HIV-infected patients were used. Chi-square test and independent t-test were employed to determine the correlation between CD4+ count, opportunistic infection, and HIV viral load with hematological abnormality.
Results:
Among 83 HIV subjects, anemia was present in 47% of the cases. Leucopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia were observed in 10.8%, 28.9%, and 9.6%, respectively. Anemia and lymphopenia significantly correlated with CD4+ count (p < 0.001) and also, anemia correlated with sexually transmitted infection as co-infection (p = 0.044). No significant correlation was found between leucopenia and thrombocytopenia with CD4+ count (p > 0.05), between anemia and lymphopenia with opportunistic infection and co-infection (p > 0.05), and between anemia, leucopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia with viral load (p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
Anemia and lymphopenia significantly correlated with CD4+ count. CD4+ count monitoring is needed for early detection of hematological abnormalities in order to lower morbidity and increase quality of life.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by a progressive damage of immune system, resulting in a number of opportunistic infections and hematological abnormalities, and become more severe in late stages. Hematological abnormalities are common manifestations, with factors including CD4+ count, opportunistic infection, and HIV viral load. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between CD4+ count, opportunistic infection, and HIV viral load with hematological abnormality in HIV patients.
Material and methods:
An observational study was conducted at tertiary institution, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, from November 2021 to February 2022. Secondary data from medical records of HIV-infected patients were used. Chi-square test and independent t-test were employed to determine the correlation between CD4+ count, opportunistic infection, and HIV viral load with hematological abnormality.
Results:
Among 83 HIV subjects, anemia was present in 47% of the cases. Leucopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia were observed in 10.8%, 28.9%, and 9.6%, respectively. Anemia and lymphopenia significantly correlated with CD4+ count (p < 0.001) and also, anemia correlated with sexually transmitted infection as co-infection (p = 0.044). No significant correlation was found between leucopenia and thrombocytopenia with CD4+ count (p > 0.05), between anemia and lymphopenia with opportunistic infection and co-infection (p > 0.05), and between anemia, leucopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia with viral load (p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
Anemia and lymphopenia significantly correlated with CD4+ count. CD4+ count monitoring is needed for early detection of hematological abnormalities in order to lower morbidity and increase quality of life.
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