RESEARCH PAPER
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in people living with HIV in 2021 in Fars, Iran: a hospital-based study
1
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
3
Health Affairs, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
4
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
5
Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
6
Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
7
Public Health Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
Submission date: 2023-04-17
Final revision date: 2024-05-04
Acceptance date: 2024-05-05
Publication date: 2026-09-25
Corresponding author
Zahra Maleki
Public Health Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
Public Health Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered a risk factor for COVID-19. This study described the COVID-19-related clinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Fars province, Iran.
Material and methods:
This was a cross-sectional study, including 95 PLHIV who were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Quantitative variables were described with mean and standard deviations, and qualitative variables were defined with frequency and percentage. Logistic regression analysis was used for modeling. Analyzes were performed using IBM SPSS v. 24 software, with a p-value less than 0.05 considered significant.
Results:
The mean age of patients was 54.4 ± 17.5 years, out of whom 17 (17.8%) died. Mortality among males and females was not considerably different, while mortality in patients under 40 years and patients with a history of underlying diseases were 21.4% and 20.9%, respectively. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were respiratory distress (47.4%), cough (34.7%), and fever (32.6%), and the most underlying diseases included diabetes mellitus (18.9%), chronic kidney disease (11.6%), and heart disease (10.5%).
Conclusions:
These findings indicate that PLHIV have a significantly higher risk of mortality when hospitalized due to COVID-19. The study also suggests that the immune response and comorbidities play a crucial role in determining the outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected patients.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered a risk factor for COVID-19. This study described the COVID-19-related clinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Fars province, Iran.
Material and methods:
This was a cross-sectional study, including 95 PLHIV who were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Quantitative variables were described with mean and standard deviations, and qualitative variables were defined with frequency and percentage. Logistic regression analysis was used for modeling. Analyzes were performed using IBM SPSS v. 24 software, with a p-value less than 0.05 considered significant.
Results:
The mean age of patients was 54.4 ± 17.5 years, out of whom 17 (17.8%) died. Mortality among males and females was not considerably different, while mortality in patients under 40 years and patients with a history of underlying diseases were 21.4% and 20.9%, respectively. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were respiratory distress (47.4%), cough (34.7%), and fever (32.6%), and the most underlying diseases included diabetes mellitus (18.9%), chronic kidney disease (11.6%), and heart disease (10.5%).
Conclusions:
These findings indicate that PLHIV have a significantly higher risk of mortality when hospitalized due to COVID-19. The study also suggests that the immune response and comorbidities play a crucial role in determining the outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected patients.
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