RESEARCH PAPER
Antiretroviral treatment toxicity is the next challenge in HIV/AIDS management: institutional-based cross-sectional study
1
Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
2
University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital ART Clinic, Gondar, Ethiopia
Submission date: 2021-10-14
Final revision date: 2022-03-06
Acceptance date: 2022-03-06
Publication date: 2023-09-15
HIV & AIDS Review 2023;22(3):204-211
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Even though the contribution of antiretroviral drugs is undeniable in the treatment of HIV/AIDS, they can cause mild to serious adverse effects. These drug-related side effects are considered reasons for change of treatment regimen, discontinuation, and poor adherence. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of associated factors of antiretroviral treatment (ART) toxi¬city in adult HIV-positive patients on ART.
Material and methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 404 study participants. Both primary and secondary data were utilized. Primary data was collected by using questionnaires and physical examination. Secondary data were extracted from patients’ charts by using a checklist. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine the associated with ART toxicity factors. Factors with a p-value of < 0.05 were recognized as statistically significant.
Results:
Of 404 study participants, 68 (16.8%) experienced ART toxicity. Patients with opportunistic infections (p < 0.001) and those taking cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) (p = 0.045) were at higher risk of developing ART toxicity. Viral load (p = 0.02), WHO staging (p < 0.05), and media unavailability (p = 0.045) were also significantly associated factors.
Conclusions:
Antiretroviral toxicity was higher in patients with an opportunistic infection, advanced WHO stage, increased viral load, and on CPT. Media availability was also an important factor. Therefore, healthcare providers should closely follow HIV/AIDS patients on CPT, advanced WHO stage, and those with increased viral load. HIV/AIDS patients with opportunistic infections need to be monitored carefully. Alternative information channels, which can be easily accessible, need to be considered by all stakeholders.
Even though the contribution of antiretroviral drugs is undeniable in the treatment of HIV/AIDS, they can cause mild to serious adverse effects. These drug-related side effects are considered reasons for change of treatment regimen, discontinuation, and poor adherence. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of associated factors of antiretroviral treatment (ART) toxi¬city in adult HIV-positive patients on ART.
Material and methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 404 study participants. Both primary and secondary data were utilized. Primary data was collected by using questionnaires and physical examination. Secondary data were extracted from patients’ charts by using a checklist. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine the associated with ART toxicity factors. Factors with a p-value of < 0.05 were recognized as statistically significant.
Results:
Of 404 study participants, 68 (16.8%) experienced ART toxicity. Patients with opportunistic infections (p < 0.001) and those taking cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) (p = 0.045) were at higher risk of developing ART toxicity. Viral load (p = 0.02), WHO staging (p < 0.05), and media unavailability (p = 0.045) were also significantly associated factors.
Conclusions:
Antiretroviral toxicity was higher in patients with an opportunistic infection, advanced WHO stage, increased viral load, and on CPT. Media availability was also an important factor. Therefore, healthcare providers should closely follow HIV/AIDS patients on CPT, advanced WHO stage, and those with increased viral load. HIV/AIDS patients with opportunistic infections need to be monitored carefully. Alternative information channels, which can be easily accessible, need to be considered by all stakeholders.
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