RESEARCH PAPER
Rheumatoid arthritis in HIV-infected individuals: a cross-sectional study in Nepal
1
School of Allied Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Nepal
2
School of Science, OPJS University, Sadulpur, Rajasthan, India
3
Division of Medical Laboratory Technology, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
4
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
5
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SGPGI, Lucknow, UP, India
6
School of Allied Health Sciences, IIMT University, Meerut, UP, India
7
Department of Biology, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
8
Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, India
Submission date: 2022-02-24
Final revision date: 2022-03-15
Acceptance date: 2022-03-16
Publication date: 2023-01-31
HIV & AIDS Review 2023;22(1):31-37
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
epidemiology - population studiessocio-medical aspects of HIV and AIDSeducational aspects of HIV and AIDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
HIV is a chronic viral infection documented worldwide. It infects and destroys helper T cells (CD4), leading to a number of immunological deficiencies. The main objective of this study was to examine the rheumatoid factor (Rf) to recognize the rheumatoid arthritis prevalence rate in HIV-infected patients.
Material and methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 HIV-positive individuals visiting ART center of Western Regional Hospital. Patients were counseled, and samples were taken. Samples were processed by MISPA-i2 and analyzed using SPSS. Rf was measured for all participants.
Results:
Out of the 150 participants, 35 (23.3%) were Rf-positive for rheumatoid arthritis. In multivariable analysis, these levels were higher in 20-40 years age group, females, married, illiterate, and unknown about their HIV transmission. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis was observed in 23.3% of participants. Similarly, the association of sex and other variables significant values were found in education, mode of transmission, and age categories, as 0.004, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively.
Conclusions:
The results of our research suggest the need for regular screening for Rf among HIV-positive patients in order to reduce mortality and pain in these individuals due to rheumatoid arthritis.
HIV is a chronic viral infection documented worldwide. It infects and destroys helper T cells (CD4), leading to a number of immunological deficiencies. The main objective of this study was to examine the rheumatoid factor (Rf) to recognize the rheumatoid arthritis prevalence rate in HIV-infected patients.
Material and methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 HIV-positive individuals visiting ART center of Western Regional Hospital. Patients were counseled, and samples were taken. Samples were processed by MISPA-i2 and analyzed using SPSS. Rf was measured for all participants.
Results:
Out of the 150 participants, 35 (23.3%) were Rf-positive for rheumatoid arthritis. In multivariable analysis, these levels were higher in 20-40 years age group, females, married, illiterate, and unknown about their HIV transmission. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis was observed in 23.3% of participants. Similarly, the association of sex and other variables significant values were found in education, mode of transmission, and age categories, as 0.004, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively.
Conclusions:
The results of our research suggest the need for regular screening for Rf among HIV-positive patients in order to reduce mortality and pain in these individuals due to rheumatoid arthritis.
REFERENCES (38)
1.
Supram HS, Gokhale S, Sathian B, Bhatta DR. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection among HIV infected individuals at tertiary care hospital in western Nepal. Nepal J Epidemiol 2015; 5: 488-193.
2.
Iordache L, Launay O, Bouchaud O, et al. Autoimmune diseases in HIV-infected patients: 52 cases and literature review. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13: 850-857.
3.
Lebrun D, Hentzien M, Cuzin L, et al. Epidemiology of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in a French nationwide HIV cohort. AIDS 2017; 31: 2159-2166.
4.
Virot E, Duclos A, Adelaide L, et al. Autoimmune diseases and HIV infection: a cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96: e5769. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005769.
5.
Hunter TM, Boytsov NN, Zhang X, Schroeder K, Michaud K, Araujo AB. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States adult population in healthcare claims databases, 2004-2014. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37: 1551-1557.
6.
Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y. HIV and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2002; 1: 329-337.
7.
Dougados M. Comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2016; 28: 282-288.
8.
Urman A, Taklalsingh N, Sorrento C, McFarlane IM. Inflammation beyond the joints: rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Scifed J Cardiol 2018; 2: 1000019.
9.
Cunha BM, Mota LM, Pileggi GS, Safe IP, Lacerda MV. HIV/AIDS and rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14: 396-400.
10.
Bugatti S, Vitolo B, Caporali R, Montecucco C, Manzo A. B cells in rheumatoid arthritis: from pathogenic players to disease biomarkers. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 681678. doi: 10.1155/2014/681678.
11.
Mellado M, Martinez-Munoz L, Cascio G, Lucas P, Pablos JL, Rodriguez-Frade JM. T cell migration in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2015; 6: 384. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00384.
12.
Fox C, Walker-Bone K. Evolving spectrum of HIV-associated rheumatic syndromes. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2015; 29: 244-258.
13.
Hanberg JS, Hsieh E, Akgün KM, Weinstein E, Fraenkel L, Justice AC; VACS Project Team. Incident rheumatoid arthritis in HIV infection: epidemiology and treatment. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73: 2189-2199.
14.
Roszkiewicz J, Smolewska E. Kaleidoscope of autoimmune diseases in HIV infection. Rheumatol Int 2016; 36: 1481-1491.
15.
Adizie T, Moots RJ, Hodkinson B, French N, Adebajo AO. Inflammatory arthritis in HIV positive patients: a practical guide. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16: 100. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1389-2.
16.
Kaddu-Mukasa M, Ssekasanvu E, Ddumba E, Thomas D, Katabira ET. Rheumatic manifestations among HIV positive adults attending the Infectious disease clinic at Mulago hospital. Afr Health Sci 2011; 11: 24-29.
17.
Kole AK, Roy R, Kole D. Musculoskeletal and rheumatological disorders in HIV infection: Experience in a tertiary referral center. Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2013; 34: 107-112.
18.
Esphinoza LR. Retrovirus associated with rheumatic syndromes. In: Arthritis and Allied Conditions. McCarty OZ, Koopman WJ (eds.). Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1993; 208.
19.
Berman A, Espinoza LR, Diaz JD et al. Rheumatic manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Med 1988; 85: 59-64.
20.
Boissier MC, Lefrere JJ, Dreyfus P. Rheumatic manifestations in a patient with human immunity deficiency virus type-2 infection. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: 790.
21.
Murphy EL, Wang B, Sacher RA, et al. Respiratory and urinary tract infections, arthritis, and asthma associated with HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10: 109-116.
22.
Lapadula G, Iannone F, Zuccaro C, et al. Recovery of erosive rheumatoid arthritis after human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection and hemiplegia. J Rheumatol 1997; 24: 747-751.
23.
Wegrzyn J, Livrozet JM, Touraine JL, Miossec P. Rheumatoid arthritis after 9 years of human immunodeficiency virus infection: possible contribution of tritherapy. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 2232-2234.
24.
Bridges SL. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2000; 2: 0003. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/ar-200....
25.
Majithia V, Geraci SA. Rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis and management. Am J Med 2007; 120: 936-939.
26.
Carroll MB, Fields JH, Clerc PG. Rheumatoid arthritis in patients with HIV: management challenges. Open Access Rheumatol 2016; 8: 51-59.
27.
Wolfe F, Cathey MA, Roberts FK. The latex test revisited. Rheumatoid factor testing in 8,287 rheumatic disease patients. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: 951-960.
28.
Chopra A, Patil J, Billempelly V, Relwani J, Tandle HS; WHO-ILAR COPCORD Study. WHO International League of Associations from Rheumatology Community Oriented Program from Control of Rheumatic Diseases. Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in a rural population in western India: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD Study. J Assoc Physicians India 2001; 49: 240-246.
29.
Mahajan A, Jasrotia DS, Manhas AS, Jamwal SS. Prevalence of major rheumatic disorders in Jammu. JK Sci 2003; 5: 63-66.
30.
Joshi VL, Chopra A. Is there an urban-rural divide? Population surveys of rheumatic musculoskeletal disorders in the Pune region of India using the COPCORD Bhigwan model. J Rheumatol 2009; 36: 614-622.
31.
Malaviya AN, Kapoor SK, Singh RR, et al. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the adult Indian population. Rheumatol Int 1993; 13: 131-134.
32.
Kar N. A short communication on occurrence of rheumatic diseases attending hospital. Indian J Public Health 1994; 38: 115-118.
33.
Mahajan A, Tandon VR, Verma S. Rheumatological manifestations in HIV infection. JIACM 2006; 7: 136-144.
34.
Fernández SM, Cardenal A, Balsa A, et al. Rheumatic manifestations in 556 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1991; 21: 30-39.
35.
Berman A, Cahn P, Perez H, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection associated arthritis: clinical characteristics. J Rheumatol 1999; 26: 1158-1162.
36.
Yao Q, Frank M, Glynn M, Altman RD. Rheumatic manifestations in HIV-1 infected in-patients and literature review. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26: 799-806.
37.
Chinniah K, Mody GM, Bhimma R, Adhikari M. Arthritis in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Black African children: causal or coincidental? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44: 915-920.
38.
Harrison MJ, Brice N, Scott C. Clinical features of HIV arthropathy in children: a case series and literature review. Front Immunol 2021; 12: 677984. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677984.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1732-2707 |
| ISSN: | 1730-1270 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
