RESEARCH PAPER
Trends and prevalence of HIV infection among tuberculosis patients in two public hospitals in Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia: five-year retrospective study
 
More details
Hide details
1
Madda Walabu University, Bale Zone, Robe, Ethiopia
 
 
Submission date: 2021-01-25
 
 
Final revision date: 2021-05-12
 
 
Acceptance date: 2021-05-17
 
 
Publication date: 2022-09-09
 
 
HIV & AIDS Review 2022;21(4):315-321
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, with a significant increase in TB incidence. In many countries, HIV prevalence in TB patients is a sensitive indicator of the spread of HIV into general population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine trends and HIV prevalence among TB patients in two public hospitals in Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia.

Material and methods:
A five-year retrospective data (from July 2013 to June 2018) of TB patients registered in TB clinics of two randomly selected public hospitals in Bale Zone were retrieved. HIV testing and tuberculosis diagnosis were performed according to national HIV/TB co-infection control program guidelines. Data were extracted from a registry of TB patients and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with HIV infection among TB patients.

Results:
Among 1,281 TB patients, 98.1% (1,257) have been tested for HIV, of whom 246 (19.6%) were HIV co-infected. A slightly declining trend of HIV infection among TB patients was observed during the study period, from 3.1% in 2013 to 2.5% in 2018 (χ2 = 13.4, p = 0.02). Females (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.97%), previously treated TB patients, and age between 25 and 44 were found to have a statistically significant association with HIV infection among TB patients.

Conclusions:
In this study, around one-fifth of TB patients who followed treatment in the past five years was found HIV co-infected.

 
REFERENCES (47)
1.
Mukadi YD, Maher D, Harries A. Tuberculosis case fatality rates in high HIV prevalence populations in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS 2001; 15: 143-152.
 
2.
WHO Global tuberculosis report WHO/HTM/TB/2015.22. Available at: http://www.who.int/tb/publicat... report/en.
 
3.
King L, Ahuja S, Munsiff SS. TB and HIV coinfection: current trends, diagnosis and treatment update. PRN Notebook 2006; 11: 17-23.
 
4.
MOH E-National TB/HIV Sentinel Surveillance One year Report (July 2011–June 2012).
 
5.
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. Geneva: WHO; 2014.
 
6.
Chaisson RE, Martinson NA. Tuberculosis in Africa combating an HIV-driven crisis. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1089-1092.
 
7.
Mayer KH, Hamilton CD. Synergistic pandemics: confronting the global HIV and tuberculosis epidemics. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: S67-S70.
 
8.
Raviglione M, Director GT. Global strategy and targets for tuberculosis prevention, care, and control after 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
 
9.
WHO. TB/HIV: HIV-associated tuberculosis. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
 
10.
WHO. Latent tuberculosis infection: updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
 
11.
WHO. Fight AIDS, fight TB, and fight now: TB/HIV information pack. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
 
12.
WHO. Global tuberculosis control, surveillance, planning, and financing. WHO/HTM/TB/362 Geneva; 2006.
 
13.
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. Available at: www.searo.who.int/tb/documents/global-tuberculosis-report-2016.
 
14.
Low SY, Eng P. Human immunodeficiency virus testing in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2009; 50: 479-481.
 
15.
World Health Organization/HIV Working Group. Priority research questions for TB: HIV in HIV-prevalent and resource-limited settings. Geneva: WHO Press; 2010.
 
16.
Belay M, Bjune G, Abebe F. Prevalence of tuberculosis, HIV, and TB-HIV co-infection among pulmonary tuberculosis suspects in a predominantly pastoralist area, northeast Ethiopia. Glob Health Action 2015; 8: 27949.
 
17.
Datiko DG, Yassin MA, Chekol LT, Kabeto LE, Lindtjorn B. The rate of TB-HIV co-infection depends on the prevalence of HIV infection in a community. BMC Public Health 2008; 8: 266.
 
18.
Akanbi MO, Achenbach CJ, Feinglass J, et al. Tuberculosis after one year of combination antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013; 29: 931-937.
 
19.
Molaeipoor L, Poorolajal J, Mohraz M, Esmailnasab N. Predictors of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: a case-control study. Epidemiol Health 2014; 36: e2014024. DOI: 10.4178/epih/e2014024.
 
20.
Taha M, Deribew A, Tessema F, Assegid S, Duchateau L, Colebun­ders R. Risk factors of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS in southwest Ethiopia: a case-control study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2011, 21: 131-139.
 
21.
Carvalho BM, Monteiro AJ, Pires Neto RD, Grangeiro TB, Frota CC. Factors related to HIV/tuberculosis coinfection in a Brazilian reference hospital. Braz J Infect Dis 2008; 12: 281-286.
 
22.
Mungrue K, Beharry A, Kalloo J, et al. Trends in HIV/TB co-infection in Trinidad and Tobago for the period 1998-2007. J Int Assoc Phys AIDS Care 2009; 8: 170-175.
 
23.
Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia. Manual of Tuberculosis, Leprosy and TB/HIV prevention and control program. 4th ed. Addis Ababa; 2008.
 
24.
Sharma SK, Mohan A, Kadhiravan T. HIV-TB co-infection: epidemiology, diagnosis & management. Indian J Med Res 2005; 121: 550-567.
 
25.
Tarekegne D, Jemal M, Atanaw T, et al. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a cohort of tuberculosis patients at Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a 3 years retrospective study. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9: 192.
 
26.
Simieneh A, Hailemariam M, Amsalu A. HIV screening among TB patients and level of antiretroviral therapy and co-trimoxazole preventive therapy for TB/HIV patients in Hawassa University Referral Hospital: a five-year retrospective study. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 28: 183.
 
27.
Gebremariam G, Asmamaw G, Hussen M, et al. Impact of HIV status on treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients registered at Arsi Negele Health Center, Southern Ethiopia: a six-year retrospective study. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0153239.
 
28.
Yadeta D, Alemseged F, Biadgilign S. Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling among tuberculosis patients in a hospital in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. J Infect Public Health 2013; 6: 222-229.
 
29.
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
 
30.
Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia. National TB/HIV sentinel surveillance: one year report. Addis Ababa; 2013.
 
31.
Denegetu AW, Dolamo BL. HIV screening among TB patients and co-trimoxazole preventive therapy for TB/HIV patients in Addis Ababa: a facility-based descriptive study. PLoS One 2014; 9: e86614.
 
32.
Kamath R, Sharma V, Pattanshetty S, Hegde MB, Chandrasekaran V. HIV-TB coinfection: clinico-epidemiological determinants at an antiretroviral therapy center in Southern India. Lung India 2013; 30: 302-306.
 
33.
do Prado TN, Miranda AE, de Souza FM, et al. Factors associated with tuberculosis by HIV status in the Brazilian national surveillance system: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14: 415.
 
34.
Tessema B, Muche A, Bekele A, Reissig D, Emmrich F, Sack U. Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A five-year retrospective study. BMC Public Health 2009; 9: 371.
 
35.
Fiseha T, Gebru T, Gutema H, Debela Y. Tuberculosis treatment outcome among HIV co-infected patients at Mizan-Aman general hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: a retrospective study. J Bioeng Biomed Sci 2015; 5: 1. DOI: 10.4172/2155-9538.1000139.
 
36.
Esmael A, Tsegaye G, Wubie M, Endris M. Tuberculosis and human immune deficiency virus co-infection in Debre Markos Referral Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia: a five years retrospective study. J AIDS Clin Res 2013; 34.
 
37.
Prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection and its associated factors in Ethiopia; A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0203986.
 
38.
Nwokeukwu HI, Inya-Agha DU, Nwogu KC. Treatment outcome of tuberculosis and HIV co-infection at a tertiary health facility in Southeastern Nigeria. J Commun Med Primary Health Care 2013; 25: 57-64.
 
39.
Cheru F, Mekonen D, Girma T, et al. Comparison of treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients with and without HIV in Gondar University Hospital: a retrospective study. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2013; 34: 1606.
 
40.
Tesfaye B, Alebel A, Gebrie A, Zegeye A, Tesema C, Kassie B. The twin epidemics: prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection and its associated factors in Ethiopia; A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0203986.
 
41.
Gao J, Zheng P, Fu H. Prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection in countries except for China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8: e64915.
 
42.
World Health Organization [Ethiopia] update sheet on the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS Progress in 2014. WHO Country Office for Ethiopia; 2015.
 
43.
Kibret KT, Yalew AW, Belaineh BG, Asres MM. Determinant factors associated with the occurrence of tuberculosis among adult people living with HIV after antiretroviral treatment initiation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case-control study. PLoS One 2013; 8.
 
44.
Erhabor O, Jeremiah ZA, Adias TC, Okere CE. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among TB patients in Port Harcourt Nigeria. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2010; 2: 1-5.
 
45.
Tadesse S, Tadesse T. HIV co-infection among tuberculosis patients in Dabat, northwest Ethiopia. J Infect Dis Immun 2013; 5: 29-32.
 
46.
Tweya H, Feldacker C, Phiri S, et al. Comparison of treatment outcomes of new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients by HIV and antiretroviral status in a TB/HIV clinic, Malawi. PLoS One 2013; 8: e56248.
 
47.
Babatunde OI, Christiandolus EO, Bismarck EC, Emmanuel OI, Chike AC, Gabriel EI. Five years retrospective cohort analysis of treatment outcomes of TB-HIV patients at a PEPFAR/DOTS center in South-Eastern Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16: 655-662.
 
eISSN:1732-2707
ISSN:1730-1270
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top