RESEARCH PAPER
Prevalence of periodontitis in HIV-positive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy: an observational study
1
Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
2
Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Submission date: 2024-03-13
Final revision date: 2024-05-30
Acceptance date: 2024-05-30
Publication date: 2026-09-25
Corresponding author
Neetha J. Shetty
Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MCODS, LHH Road, Hampankatta, 575001, Mangalore, India
Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MCODS, LHH Road, Hampankatta, 575001, Mangalore, India
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The study aimed to evaluate the severity and prevalence of periodontitis in HIV-positive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Material and methods:
Twenty seven individuals aged between 25 and 55 years, with more than fifteen permanent teeth excluding third molars were included in the study, and periodontal status of patients was assessed.
Results:
The average GI was 0.76 ± 0.53, and the average PI was 0.69 ± 0.36. The average bleeding index recorded according to Mombelli sulcular bleeding index was 0.46 ± 0.43, the average normal sulcus/pocket depth was 1.61 ± 0.53, and the average recession was 0.48 ± 0.42. The most common therapy administered was tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TLD) 30 in 10 patients (37%), followed by 5 patients on TLD 90 (18.5%), 5 patients on tenofovir, lamivudine + atazanavir/ritonavir (TL + ATV/r) (30 + 30), and 4 patients on TLD 60 (14.8%).
Conclusions:
Periodontitis was observed in 26 patients (96.3%) with the absence of periodontitis in 1 of the 27 patients examined (3.7%). The current investigation demonstrates that HIV-positive individuals under HAART present a high prevalence of mild to moderate periodontitis. According to the study's conclusions, tooth loss was consistently affected by the administration of cART. Therefore, treating physicians should routinely recommend patients to oral health professionals to maintain dental health and provide higher quality of life for HIV-infected patients.
The study aimed to evaluate the severity and prevalence of periodontitis in HIV-positive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Material and methods:
Twenty seven individuals aged between 25 and 55 years, with more than fifteen permanent teeth excluding third molars were included in the study, and periodontal status of patients was assessed.
Results:
The average GI was 0.76 ± 0.53, and the average PI was 0.69 ± 0.36. The average bleeding index recorded according to Mombelli sulcular bleeding index was 0.46 ± 0.43, the average normal sulcus/pocket depth was 1.61 ± 0.53, and the average recession was 0.48 ± 0.42. The most common therapy administered was tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TLD) 30 in 10 patients (37%), followed by 5 patients on TLD 90 (18.5%), 5 patients on tenofovir, lamivudine + atazanavir/ritonavir (TL + ATV/r) (30 + 30), and 4 patients on TLD 60 (14.8%).
Conclusions:
Periodontitis was observed in 26 patients (96.3%) with the absence of periodontitis in 1 of the 27 patients examined (3.7%). The current investigation demonstrates that HIV-positive individuals under HAART present a high prevalence of mild to moderate periodontitis. According to the study's conclusions, tooth loss was consistently affected by the administration of cART. Therefore, treating physicians should routinely recommend patients to oral health professionals to maintain dental health and provide higher quality of life for HIV-infected patients.
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