REVIEW PAPER
Clinico-demographic profile of patients with HIV/tuberculosis co-infection from western Gujarat, India: a retrospective study
1
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
2
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, GAIMS, G K General Hospital, Bhuj, Gujarat, India
Submission date: 2023-12-31
Acceptance date: 2024-04-02
Publication date: 2026-03-16
Corresponding author
Parth U. Patel
Assistant professor Dept of respiratory medicine, Pacific institute of medical sciences ,Udaipur, Rajasthan 313003
Assistant professor Dept of respiratory medicine, Pacific institute of medical sciences ,Udaipur, Rajasthan 313003
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection has become huge barrier to achieving TB control in the world. TB, despite being discovered in 1882, remains a major public health problem in many developing countries. The problem is now further complicated by persistent spread of HIV, which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study attempted to describe the underlying correlates of HIV/TB co-infection.
Material and methods:
A retrospective study in the Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Disease at a tertiary care teaching hospital was conducted from January 2011 to December 2019, among 622 patients co-infected with HIV and TB from ART center of G. K. General Hospital in Kutchh, Bhuj, India. Demographic details were collected, including age, sex, symptoms at presentation, mode of transmission, occupation, residence, TB details (diagnosis, type of TB, CBNAAT results, and CD4+ count at TB detection), details of antiretroviral therapy and anti-TB treatment, and treatment outcomes.
Results:
The diagnosis of pulmonary TB (71.86%, n = 447) dominated in the population sampled, followed by extra-pulmonary TB (28.14%, n = 175), with predominant pulmonary TB being observed throughout the study duration. The rate of HIV/TB co-infection in this study was found to be higher among males (78.7%, n = 490) in the sexually active age group of 31-40 years (37.45%, n = 175), living in rural areas (54.51%, n = 339), and laborers by occupation (17.68%, n = 110). In line with studies across India, the heterosexual route was the main way of transmission in this population (n = 556) at 89.38%.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of HIV/TB co-infection was higher in sexually active married males with poor education, laborers by occupation, living in rural areas, and of lower socio-economic class. HIV/TB co-infection was observed to be associated with reduced CD4+ counts, which could fasten the progression to AIDS. Health interventions should mainly focus on the rural population, as 54.5% of HIV/TB co-infected persons were living in rural areas. Awareness campaigns should address this high-risk inhabitants along with aggressive case finding.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection has become huge barrier to achieving TB control in the world. TB, despite being discovered in 1882, remains a major public health problem in many developing countries. The problem is now further complicated by persistent spread of HIV, which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study attempted to describe the underlying correlates of HIV/TB co-infection.
Material and methods:
A retrospective study in the Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Disease at a tertiary care teaching hospital was conducted from January 2011 to December 2019, among 622 patients co-infected with HIV and TB from ART center of G. K. General Hospital in Kutchh, Bhuj, India. Demographic details were collected, including age, sex, symptoms at presentation, mode of transmission, occupation, residence, TB details (diagnosis, type of TB, CBNAAT results, and CD4+ count at TB detection), details of antiretroviral therapy and anti-TB treatment, and treatment outcomes.
Results:
The diagnosis of pulmonary TB (71.86%, n = 447) dominated in the population sampled, followed by extra-pulmonary TB (28.14%, n = 175), with predominant pulmonary TB being observed throughout the study duration. The rate of HIV/TB co-infection in this study was found to be higher among males (78.7%, n = 490) in the sexually active age group of 31-40 years (37.45%, n = 175), living in rural areas (54.51%, n = 339), and laborers by occupation (17.68%, n = 110). In line with studies across India, the heterosexual route was the main way of transmission in this population (n = 556) at 89.38%.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of HIV/TB co-infection was higher in sexually active married males with poor education, laborers by occupation, living in rural areas, and of lower socio-economic class. HIV/TB co-infection was observed to be associated with reduced CD4+ counts, which could fasten the progression to AIDS. Health interventions should mainly focus on the rural population, as 54.5% of HIV/TB co-infected persons were living in rural areas. Awareness campaigns should address this high-risk inhabitants along with aggressive case finding.
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